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Chronos Diseases

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Chrons Diseases


Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by inflammation of the digestive, or gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In fact, Crohn’s can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus, but it is more commonly found at the end of the small intestine (the ileum)
where it joins the beginning of the large intestine (or colon). It can also affect:Eyes ,Skin, Joint


Crohn’s disease vs. ulcerative colitis

Both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (UC) are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), but there are some key differences.


Crohn’s disease

Inflammation may develop anywhere in the GI tract from the mouth to the anus


Symptoms may include:

  • Most commonly occurs at the end of the small intestine
  • May appear in patches
  • May extend through entire thickness of bowel wall
  • About 67% of people in remission will have at least 1 relapse over the next 5 years

Ulcerative colitis

Limited to the large intestine (colon and rectum)


Symptoms may include:

  • Occurs in the rectum and colon, involving a part or the entire colon
  • Appears in a continuous pattern
  • Inflammation occurs in innermost lining of the intestine
  • About 30% of people in remission will experience a relapse in the next year

Crohn’s disease symptoms range from mild to severe. They may vary over time and from person to person, depending on what part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is inflamed. And because symptoms vary from person to person, the way to gauge what you consider a flare-up of symptoms is relative to what is “normal” for you.

Common Crohn’s disease symptoms include:


  • Frequent, recurring diarrhea
  • Rectal bleeding
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Fever
  • Abdominal pain and cramping
  • Fatigue and a feeling of low energy
  • Reduced appetite

Crohn’s can affect the entire GI tract — from the mouth to the anus — and can be progressive, so over time, your symptoms could get worse. That's why it's important that you have an open and honest conversation about your symptoms, since your doctor will use that information to help determine what treatment plan is best for you.
It might be helpful to refer to the chart below to help you understand the differences between mild, moderate and severe symptoms, since your doctor may use similar measures.


Mild to Moderate


You may have symptoms such as:

  • Frequent diarrhea
  • Abdominal pain (but can walk and eat normally)

No signs of:

  • Dehydration
  • High fever
  • Abdominal tenderness
  • Painful mass
  • Intestinal obstruction
  • Weight loss of more than 10%

Moderate to Severe


You may have symptoms such as:

  • Frequent diarrhea
  • Abdominal pain or tenderness
  • Fever
  • Significant weight loss

Significant anemia (a few of these symptoms may include fatigue, shortness of breath, dizziness and headache)

Very Severe


Persistent symptoms despite appropriate treatment for moderate to severe Crohn’s, and you may also experience:

  • High fever
  • Persistent vomiting
  • Evidence of intestinal obstruction (blockage) or abscess (localized infection or collection of pus). A few of these symptoms may include abdominal pain that doesn’t go away or gets worse, swelling of the abdomen, nausea or vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation.
  • More severe weight loss

CAUSES

While its exact causes are unknown, what is known is that Crohn’s disease is a chronic, or ongoing, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that primarily affects the digestive or gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Crohn’s inflammation can develop anywhere from the mouth to the anus, and symptoms may vary depending on what part of the GI tract is inflamed. You may experience symptoms that occur outside the GI tract, affecting the eyes, skin and joints. Crohn’s is not contagious, nor is it caused by something you may have done or eaten.

  • Crohn’s appears to be a result of an interaction of factors
  • Heredity: You may inherit genes that make you more susceptible to developing Crohn’s
  • The immune system: When triggered, it affects the gastrointestinal tract, causing inflammation that contributes to symptoms
  • Environmental factors: Bacteria, a virus, or some unidentified factor in the environment that triggers an abnormal immune response
  • Foreign substances (antigens) in the environment may also be a cause of inflammation, or they may stimulate the body’s defenses to produce inflammation that continues without control.
  • Crohn’s is believed to be an overreaction of the immune system.
  • Researchers believe people with Crohn’s experience an overactive immune response. As a result, the intestines become raw and inflamed (red and swollen)—chronically. This continuous, damaging inflammation occurs in the digestive tract and leads to Crohn’s symptoms.

How your immune system works

The immune system is a complex network of cells that interact with each other to defend the body against foreign invaders Circulating white blood cells patrol for foreign invaders, such as bacteria or viruses, “non-self” cells, which are considered dangerous

  • When the white blood cells find these invaders, they trigger an immune response called “inflammation” that results in the destruction and removal of the foreign substances
  • Inflammation: Your immune system’s weapon
  • Inflammation is your body’s weapon against foreign invaders, such as bacteria and viruses. White blood cells release molecules called “cytokines”—chemical messengers that promote inflammation
  • Inflammation helps the body limit the effects of the invader so it does not spread. Once the foreign invader is destroyed, inflammation goes away
  • Redness, swelling, and pain are all signs that inflammation is occurring in your body—and in Crohn’s disease, this inflammation is chronic (ongoing) unless controlled with an effective treatment plan/li>

Whom does Crohn’s disease affect?

While Crohn’s disease most often starts between the ages of 15 and 35, it can affect people of any age.

Crohn’s disease affects men and women equally, and it appears to be more common in people in developed countries and among the Ashkenazi Jewish population.




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